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各位朋友大家好我是楊威
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各位朋友大家好我是黑冷
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現在啊關於疫苗的事情真是各說幾見
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都是介於這個可信和不可信之中
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但是呢這麼多人說的各種情況都有
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讓我們很難判斷
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所以說我們覺得呀
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還是要科普一下疫苗本身這個
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本身這個內容讓我們自己進行判斷
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可信和不可信之間有一定的根據
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是不是就是說他的來龍去脈
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然後
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做一個判斷
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我們自己也要做一個判斷
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對啊對啊
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不然的話總是人家說哦可信不可信
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似乎我們不明白他為什麼可信
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為何不可信
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甚至呢這次新冠疫苗的研發其實
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嗯他是分成八個疫苗在全世界在研究
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嗯不同的實驗室都在研究自己的疫苗
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是的嗯更有趣的是呢
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其實疫苗總的來講呢分三呃三代疫苗
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第一代第二代第三代
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按通常的理論來講呢
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我們認為第一代是最原始的
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第二代更先進一點
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第三代更先進一點
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那如果有了第三代的情況下呢
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肯定第一代第二代都不會要嗎
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是不是對要淘汰
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但是呢實際情況看來真的不是這樣
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就是這次新冠疫苗啊
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嗯中國所接受的
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呃四個四個疫苗當中
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從呃
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國際衛生組織批准的四個疫苗當中
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都是第一代第二代的疫苗
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是的美國研究的呢是第三代的疫苗
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所以說在疫苗的研發過程當中
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製作過程當中並不是說有先進的了
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這個
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陳舊的工藝就不用了
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都是在同時啟用
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這個呢就更需要我們對疫苗所有的
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他的知識進行下普及
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嗯科普一下對
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要說講到疫苗啊
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這中國人的技術
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他又是領先全世界好幾百年
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從古代說起了
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對啊中國古代啊中醫治
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狂犬病就是用疫苗方式來治癒的
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哎你別說我見過
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我小時候在鄉下的時候就看到過那個
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狂犬其實是狗
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來追我
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我還被追過一次不過我沒有被咬
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哈哈哈很幸運啊
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對另外有個小孩就被那個狗咬了
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然後我記得在那時候在鄉下
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全村的人就爬上去了
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就把那狗給殺
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了
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然後從他的身上刮了一片
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帶著毛和血的貼到那個
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小孩子的傷口上
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這個我我真是看見了
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聽說古代呢更慘
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要把那個狗的腦漿拿出來
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這有什麼說法
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是這個狗的腦漿啊
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這個更科學一點
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從現在醫學角度來講
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因為狂犬病他是一種
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治神經中樞的這麼一種疾病
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那神經中樞來講呢
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這個大腦當然是神經中樞的主要部分
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那也就是最主要的發病源
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既是發病源
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那當然裡面就有很多的抗體
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所以說將狗的
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腦袋打碎打出腦漿
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然後用腦漿作為這個疫苗來講
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這更科學一點
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嗯
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是殘忍的特寫
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就是說在這個
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恐怖的恐嚇人來講說我打出你的腦漿
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現在才明白這不簡簡的是一個形容詞
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而且裡面還有一個科學道理
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嗯
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古代就有了東晉
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哈哈哈還有就是
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天花是吧
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對天花就是牛豆
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對對對對對對以前我小時候
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小學的時候每個人都種了嗎
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嗯都在在胳膊上劃一個十字
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拿個小刀片
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然後就滴
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滴那種好像是疫苗之類的東西吧
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然後過幾天之後
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那個
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包就長起來了像蚊子咬一樣有大有小
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每個人反應不一樣
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但是
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都都長了開始
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反正那時候小時候挺好奇的覺得
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有點可怕
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但是小人書裡說這沒有什麼來源就是
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某個國家的什麼牛奶廠的女工經常去
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弄牛奶怎麼手上就長了牛豆
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然後呢就因此做出了疫苗
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大家就宿舍這個疫苗
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都長個牛痘就好了哈哈哈哈哈哈
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這也是屬於大自然吧
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大自然賜給人的智慧給人的啟發
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呃是天然的
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就有疫苗這種工藝和這種過程
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在我們自然生活當中就會接觸到
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那近到近代來講呢
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呃當人開始研究疫苗的時候
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第一代疫苗就是
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嗯叫做減毒性
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減毒性活疫苗
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就是像牛豆的那個疫苗對很很類似
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也就說當一種
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呃疾病發生傳染病發生之後呢
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他會在這個科學家會在自然界找到
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同等級的病菌
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但是呢他沒有這種
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毒性然後將他這個將
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呃已有的這種病毒的一部分和的嫁接
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在這種情況下呢
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就是說他減了毒性之後
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又有同樣的傳染力
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這樣注射給人身體之後
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人身體就會產生抗體
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嗯
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聽起來還是蠻自然的一個過程
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但是這個呢有一個壞處就是說
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他會出現反阻現象
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嗯房主是什麼意思
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過幾天又好了啊又壞了
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是的又壞了
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也就是說本來住進去的病菌是
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幾乎瀕臨死亡的病期
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但是突然醒過來了
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他變得非常強壯
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相反給人就等注射毒病毒一樣
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是嗎這個好像是第二期
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這是第一期
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哈哈哈哈哈
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所以說就變得毒性很大
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他的副作用也很大
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第一代疫苗
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包括減毒活疫苗和滅活疫苗
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減毒活疫苗可以這麼理解
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就是當某種高傳染性
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高致病性病毒出現以後
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我們在自然界中發現了與其高度
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同源的
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且治呃病例極低的不治病的病毒督株
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通過實驗室不斷擴增病毒
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並選出那些
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自身突變病醫病例
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治病力引起明顯下降的毒株
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從而製成鹼活病疫苗
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是這個樣子
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還包括呢
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呃鹼毒
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鹼毒活疫苗
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啊這是他的特點
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還包括滅火疫苗
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這都是第一代
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滅火疫苗呢
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可以理解為將病毒的屍體
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諸多注入到人體內
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這些屍體呢不具備傳染制
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或或者呢遺傳物已經被破壞
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所以無法造成人體的感染
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但病毒蛋白質外殼可以誘導人體產生
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特意產生
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特異性免疫列印
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讓從而讓人產生相應的免疫力
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這就是第一代
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這就是第一代疫苗
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那返祖返祖就是這個
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呃減毒活疫苗其中的一種
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哎就是減毒活疫苗因為那是活的嗎
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就可以返祖
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那這個第二代疫苗呢
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嗯那這個第二代疫苗呢
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主要是亞單位疫苗和重組機疫苗
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哇這個名字聽起來很科學哎
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太可惜了哈哈哈
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呃養單位疫苗呢
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是通過激胚或者工
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具細胞大量擴增病毒
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然後利用化學成分
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啊利用化學分解
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或有控制性的蛋白質水解方法
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提取病毒原體的蛋白質結構
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篩選出具有免活性的片
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呃免活性的片段製成疫苗
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再再有呢就是重組機重組基因疫苗
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重組基因疫苗無論無論是
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裂解病裂解病原體產生的蛋白質
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還是進一步分解產生的亞單位
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這些能夠誘導
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誘導免疫答應的蛋白或蛋白質
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隨節產物都是由核酸質合成的
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所以科學家就慢慢開始禪嘗試
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誘導直接合成蛋白質基因的
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片段植入到工具細胞當中
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讓這細胞變成海量產生的蛋白質
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然後再收集
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再收集存化這些蛋白質
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也得到重組基金疫苗
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重組記憶苗
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對啊重組記憶苗
223
00:09:54,366 --> 00:09:56,300
這兩種疫苗雖然效果不錯
224
00:09:56,300 --> 00:10:00,000
但原理上依舊是利用蛋白質隨節指
225
00:10:00,500 --> 00:10:02,133
誘導產生免疫
226
00:10:03,466 --> 00:10:06,000
人具有類似活疫苗的特
227
00:10:06,000 --> 00:10:07,666
滅活疫苗的特點
228
00:10:09,600 --> 00:10:11,866
你是說現在中國還在
229
00:10:14,233 --> 00:10:15,900
中國做的就是第二代
230
00:10:15,900 --> 00:10:17,866
第一代對對對對對
231
00:10:20,533 --> 00:10:22,333
他的免疫時間有限
232
00:10:22,633 --> 00:10:23,800
需要多次注射
233
00:10:24,166 --> 00:10:26,533
所以這兩種疫苗年發週期
234
00:10:26,900 --> 00:10:29,666
1.比1.5比低的疫苗短
235
00:10:32,800 --> 00:10:34,000
第三代疫苗呢
236
00:10:34,366 --> 00:10:36,166
就是核酸疫苗
237
00:10:37,400 --> 00:10:40,700
重組病毒呃重組病毒載體疫苗
238
00:10:41,666 --> 00:10:43,533
第三代疫苗就是核酸疫苗
239
00:10:44,133 --> 00:10:47,000
核酸疫苗呢包括dna和 rma 兩種
240
00:10:47,800 --> 00:10:48,666
就是將
241
00:10:50,033 --> 00:10:54,766
將編碼某種抗原體蛋白的病毒基因片
242
00:10:54,966 --> 00:11:00,366
dna 或 rna 直接植入動物體細胞內
243
00:11:00,400 --> 00:11:02,466
直接植入動物體細胞內
244
00:11:02,800 --> 00:11:06,566
並通過宿主細胞的蛋白質合成
245
00:11:07,000 --> 00:11:09,033
系統產生抗原蛋白
246
00:11:09,933 --> 00:11:10,633
誘導
247
00:11:11,200 --> 00:11:14,566
宿主產生對抗原蛋白的免疫應答
248
00:11:18,166 --> 00:11:19,833
其實啊我們迅速的
249
00:11:20,300 --> 00:11:21,266
看了一下
250
00:11:21,666 --> 00:11:24,600
科普了一下這三這三代疫苗
251
00:11:25,200 --> 00:11:28,800
其實就有一個直接的最終的問題
252
00:11:28,800 --> 00:11:29,633
也就是說
253
00:11:29,833 --> 00:11:30,900
無論第一代
254
00:11:30,900 --> 00:11:31,800
無論第二代
255
00:11:31,800 --> 00:11:34,733
無論第三代其實都是在做一件事情
256
00:11:34,833 --> 00:11:35,733
也就是說
257
00:11:36,100 --> 00:11:38,100
他們這些疫苗
258
00:11:38,400 --> 00:11:41,700
讓人體知道這種病毒
259
00:11:41,700 --> 00:11:42,966
認識他嗯
260
00:11:43,366 --> 00:11:44,633
嗯跟他握下手
261
00:11:44,700 --> 00:11:46,700
打下招呼任性認識下他
262
00:11:46,733 --> 00:11:49,900
沒有人知道他是壞的就趕緊提高警惕
263
00:11:50,333 --> 00:11:51,366
是的也就是說
264
00:11:51,366 --> 00:11:52,700
這些疫苗本身
265
00:11:52,700 --> 00:11:55,933
並不能夠對病毒產生任何威脅作用
266
00:11:56,033 --> 00:11:59,200
也不能夠幫助身體來殺死病毒
267
00:11:59,400 --> 00:12:00,800
這是關鍵性問題
268
00:12:01,133 --> 00:12:01,966
也就是說
269
00:12:02,833 --> 00:12:05,100
戰勝病毒真正的關鍵
270
00:12:05,100 --> 00:12:06,566
真正的所有的意圖
271
00:12:06,566 --> 00:12:09,433
也是就是人自身的免疫力
272
00:12:09,866 --> 00:12:11,866
對如果你免疫力強
273
00:12:11,866 --> 00:12:13,766
或者你提高了你的免疫力
274
00:12:13,766 --> 00:12:14,866
你就有希望
275
00:12:15,566 --> 00:12:16,000
嗯
276
00:12:16,833 --> 00:12:18,166
進一步來說就是說
277
00:12:18,166 --> 00:12:20,700
假如這個人的免疫系統弱的話
278
00:12:21,000 --> 00:12:23,200
什麼疫苗都沒有作用
279
00:12:23,366 --> 00:12:23,800
嗯
280
00:12:24,533 --> 00:12:26,233
打野白打是的
281
00:12:26,333 --> 00:12:27,900
如果強的話不打野
282
00:12:28,766 --> 00:12:29,566
哈哈哈哈
283
00:12:29,766 --> 00:12:31,300
這是不太可能的
284
00:12:31,533 --> 00:12:33,733
你搶到什麼程度哈哈哈哈
285
00:12:35,000 --> 00:12:35,400
呃
286
00:12:36,066 --> 00:12:36,900
製作疫苗
287
00:12:37,500 --> 00:12:40,100
他有一個最基本的概念就是說
288
00:12:40,666 --> 00:12:42,500
病毒本身是兩個結構
289
00:12:42,500 --> 00:12:45,933
一個結構是病毒本身內部存在的核酸
290
00:12:47,133 --> 00:12:49,733
再一個呢就是包圍核酸外面的這個
291
00:12:49,933 --> 00:12:52,566
就是殼蛋白質蛋白質
292
00:12:52,700 --> 00:12:54,833
嗯多數就是將
293
00:12:55,100 --> 00:12:58,733
呃讓人體的免疫系統認識這個蛋白質
294
00:12:59,733 --> 00:13:01,400
認識這個蛋白質之後呢
295
00:13:01,666 --> 00:13:04,333
就可以當這種蛋白質出現的時候
296
00:13:04,333 --> 00:13:07,566
免疫系統就迅速來抓這種病毒
297
00:13:09,033 --> 00:13:12,966
但是呢這個蛋白質上往往像這像
298
00:13:13,466 --> 00:13:15,833
呃冠狀冠狀病毒
299
00:13:16,266 --> 00:13:17,233
像冠狀病毒呢
300
00:13:17,233 --> 00:13:19,200
他上面有很多這個小爪爪
301
00:13:19,700 --> 00:13:20,133
嗯
302
00:13:21,033 --> 00:13:23,300
聽說比愛滋病還多
303
00:13:23,600 --> 00:13:26,266
是的這個小爪爪呢他是
304
00:13:27,166 --> 00:13:29,600
他這個小爪叫什麼啊糖激化
305
00:13:29,800 --> 00:13:31,666
嗯他是一種糖激化
306
00:13:31,766 --> 00:13:33,233
這個學名叫糖激化
307
00:13:33,233 --> 00:13:37,166
好像我听说是啊感冒的那个有十来个
308
00:13:37,666 --> 00:13:39,833
对对对对艾滋病有80个
309
00:13:39,833 --> 00:13:42,600
好像哈哈多少这个更多了
310
00:13:43,233 --> 00:13:44,400
呃艾滋病
311
00:13:44,700 --> 00:13:46,633
艾滋病好像340个吧
312
00:13:46,966 --> 00:13:48,300
看看啊这多少啊
313
00:13:48,800 --> 00:13:51,366
艾滋病有20个到30个
314
00:13:52,233 --> 00:13:55,066
但是这个中共病毒啊他有
315
00:13:55,733 --> 00:13:57,866
两倍多将近80个
316
00:13:58,800 --> 00:14:03,700
这就造成了制作免制作疫苗的难度
317
00:14:03,933 --> 00:14:06,666
因为这个糖极化本身他就是
318
00:14:07,200 --> 00:14:09,366
病呃变异的根源
319
00:14:10,200 --> 00:14:12,366
也就说回头我们看一看艾滋病
320
00:14:12,800 --> 00:14:15,333
艾滋病我们认识这种病已经有
321
00:14:16,466 --> 00:14:17,533
五六十年了吧
322
00:14:17,533 --> 00:14:18,766
嗯很多年了
323
00:14:18,933 --> 00:14:20,433
嗯应该五六十年了
324
00:14:20,500 --> 00:14:22,533
而且他也是泛滥全世界
325
00:14:22,966 --> 00:14:25,033
并且呢全世界医学界
326
00:14:25,033 --> 00:14:27,433
科学界也就很早就对他进行研究
327
00:14:27,433 --> 00:14:30,633
想研究的是有效的方法预防或者治疗
328
00:14:30,766 --> 00:14:33,466
但是至今都没有找到任何有效的方法
329
00:14:33,566 --> 00:14:35,600
这么多年过去了对
330
00:14:35,800 --> 00:14:37,766
就是因为这个点点太多了
331
00:14:37,766 --> 00:14:39,966
所以是的办法一一对应对
332
00:14:39,966 --> 00:14:41,466
就是这个糖的话太多了
333
00:14:41,466 --> 00:14:43,166
而且它产生的变异也会
334
00:14:43,266 --> 00:14:44,600
很让人能去抓得住
335
00:14:44,933 --> 00:14:46,166
那从这点来讲
336
00:14:46,333 --> 00:14:49,233
当艾滋病有三四十个
337
00:14:49,700 --> 00:14:52,666
十几十年了我们都没有攻克他
338
00:14:53,166 --> 00:14:55,666
那这个心中共心冠病毒呢
339
00:14:55,800 --> 00:14:57,900
他有将近80个
340
00:14:58,533 --> 00:15:01,033
那说将近半年时间我就攻克了
341
00:15:01,033 --> 00:15:04,166
这个真的让人觉得很诡异嗯
342
00:15:05,500 --> 00:15:07,266
现在的现在的现状
343
00:15:07,433 --> 00:15:10,266
现状听说是攻克了原来的那些
344
00:15:10,266 --> 00:15:12,466
他又变异出了很多新的
345
00:15:12,833 --> 00:15:15,000
是的这个糖精化本身他就是
346
00:15:15,400 --> 00:15:16,666
存在这个特点吗
347
00:15:16,866 --> 00:15:17,533
所以说
348
00:15:17,633 --> 00:15:19,966
在艾滋病病毒身上就没有做出来
349
00:15:20,400 --> 00:15:21,066
但是呢
350
00:15:21,300 --> 00:15:25,400
今天说突然在一个小朋友身上没有干
351
00:15:25,400 --> 00:15:27,366
没有一个小朋友没有打过他
352
00:15:27,433 --> 00:15:28,300
突然来了一个壮汉
353
00:15:28,300 --> 00:15:29,933
我们两拳就把他打倒了
354
00:15:30,000 --> 00:15:32,033
真让我很难以相信这个事情
355
00:15:32,566 --> 00:15:33,033
嗯
356
00:15:33,933 --> 00:15:35,033
不可思议
357
00:15:35,166 --> 00:15:36,366
是不太可思议
358
00:15:36,366 --> 00:15:37,500
真伪难辨
359
00:15:37,800 --> 00:15:40,666
而且呢就是说心冠病毒
360
00:15:41,200 --> 00:15:41,600
呃
361
00:15:42,400 --> 00:15:44,066
啊就是冠状病毒
362
00:15:44,366 --> 00:15:45,600
冠状病毒呢
363
00:15:45,700 --> 00:15:47,633
在我们将近30年
364
00:15:47,733 --> 00:15:51,433
近30年当中呢已经发生了两起了
365
00:15:51,533 --> 00:15:53,466
一个是萨斯一个是
366
00:15:54,500 --> 00:15:56,366
miss 1是 miss
367
00:15:56,500 --> 00:15:58,333
萨斯和 miss 两种病毒
368
00:15:58,466 --> 00:16:01,433
这两种病毒在将近30年当中
369
00:16:01,566 --> 00:16:03,000
并没有找到任何有
370
00:16:03,000 --> 00:16:04,966
效的疫苗来进行防治
371
00:16:05,100 --> 00:16:06,200
不但这样呢
372
00:16:06,633 --> 00:16:08,466
不但没有找到有效的
373
00:16:09,700 --> 00:16:11,166
疫苗来进行防治
374
00:16:11,300 --> 00:16:14,033
而且呢在研究疫苗过程当中啊
375
00:16:14,100 --> 00:16:17,233
还出现了一个非常让人可怕的现象
376
00:16:18,400 --> 00:16:19,100
是什么
377
00:16:19,366 --> 00:16:22,100
现在我看一下叫什么哈哈哈哈哈
378
00:16:27,100 --> 00:16:31,133
这个现象叫做抗体依赖的增强副作用
379
00:16:31,400 --> 00:16:35,000
啊抗体啊抗体依赖的增强作用
380
00:16:35,566 --> 00:16:36,766
抗体依赖
381
00:16:37,733 --> 00:16:40,900
抗体依赖的增强作用啊他就是什么呢
382
00:16:41,200 --> 00:16:44,700
当呃健康的人打上疫苗之后
383
00:16:44,800 --> 00:16:46,800
他身体内产生了抗体
384
00:16:47,433 --> 00:16:49,700
似乎他有了免疫能力
385
00:16:49,866 --> 00:16:53,833
但是当他和普通没有呃
386
00:16:55,433 --> 00:16:55,800
对
387
00:16:56,200 --> 00:16:59,766
当他们同时在感染上病菌的情况下
388
00:16:59,766 --> 00:17:01,833
这些相反打过疫苗的人
389
00:17:01,933 --> 00:17:05,066
他们会被会比没有打过疫苗的人
390
00:17:05,233 --> 00:17:07,233
得病率要高出10%
391
00:17:07,233 --> 00:17:09,833
20%甚至30%
392
00:17:10,900 --> 00:17:13,433
太惨了他打了也白打黑
393
00:17:13,533 --> 00:17:14,766
好像打反了
394
00:17:14,766 --> 00:17:16,933
是的就是说副作用很大
395
00:17:17,900 --> 00:17:20,133
所以是忠于以上
396
00:17:20,433 --> 00:17:21,266
所有这些
397
00:17:21,266 --> 00:17:24,133
我们对疫苗的科普的知识来看吗
398
00:17:25,100 --> 00:17:28,100
今天所研究出的新冠病毒疫苗
399
00:17:28,400 --> 00:17:31,666
真的让从各种各样的角度都觉得
400
00:17:32,000 --> 00:17:34,333
实在是让人难以相信
401
00:17:36,500 --> 00:17:38,666
怕怕的哈哈哈哈哈哈
402
00:17:39,433 --> 00:17:40,100
哈哈哈
403
00:17:41,600 --> 00:17:41,966
呃
404
00:17:42,866 --> 00:17:45,900
还有呢通过我们研究科普的新
405
00:17:46,200 --> 00:17:47,400
科普疫苗来发现
406
00:17:47,400 --> 00:17:47,766
啊
407
00:17:47,900 --> 00:17:50,866
其实所有的疫苗不管不论多么先进
408
00:17:51,000 --> 00:17:51,833
不论多少代
409
00:17:51,833 --> 00:17:54,033
其实都要依靠人的免疫系统
410
00:17:54,733 --> 00:17:55,900
所以说我们觉得
411
00:17:56,066 --> 00:17:58,066
很有必要再给大家科普一下
412
00:17:58,066 --> 00:17:59,333
人的免疫系统
413
00:17:59,633 --> 00:18:01,900
到底是一种什么样的系统
414
00:18:02,566 --> 00:18:03,400
在人体
415
00:18:03,433 --> 00:18:07,500
在人体内我们如何增强人的免疫系统
416
00:18:07,633 --> 00:18:11,700
如何让我们免疫系统更有力能抗
417
00:18:11,800 --> 00:18:14,400
能自身抵抗这种疾病
418
00:18:15,466 --> 00:18:17,300
对这是个好主意
419
00:18:17,966 --> 00:18:20,200
哈哈怎么怎么增强
420
00:18:20,600 --> 00:18:21,533
体育锻炼吗
421
00:18:21,533 --> 00:18:24,633
哈哈那我们就下期再聊吧哈哈哈哈
422
00:18:25,600 --> 00:18:28,633
期待哦下期再见再见
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